نشریه قرآن و علم
پیاپی 28 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

In Western history, the claim of opposition or interaction between scienceand religion has long been a topic of discussion. Especially since theRenaissance, these issues have been discussed between science and the Bible.In recent years, the orientalists have sought to extend the same claim to theconnection between science and the Quran. They sought to prove this issue bymaking various claims such as the ambiguity of Quranic truths, being amystery, untestability, certainty, various secrets, etc. In this article, using adescriptive-analytical method, an attempt is made to establish the concordanceand interaction between the two in the dimension of empirical sciences byrelying on some different verses of the Quran, instead of claiming a conflictbetween the science and the Holy Quran. Therefore, by examining each oftheir reasons, it was concluded that only an apparent and superficial conflictmay occur between human understanding of the truths of existence and theQuranic understanding. This does not mean a real conflict between certainempirical science and the true and explicit meanings of the Holy Quran.

Surah Qiyamah in the Holy Quran has presented a specific pedagogicalsystem and a realistic view towards the existential and psychological structureand social phenomena. The analysis and implementation of pedagogicalprinciples and methods are influenced by the worldview and ideology ruled onthe pedagogical system. The present study aims to enumerate thesecomponents of the Holy Quran in Surah Qiyamah. So, first considered, theexisting and authentic interpretations and translations of this surah have beencareful. Then the concepts such as “foundations”, “principles” and “methods”are examined and the relationship between them is clarified also. The presentstudy, with a methodical and coherent approach, seeks to extract thepedagogical foundations and principles in Surah Qiyamah. The researchfindings of this article have succeeded in presenting new pedagogicalfoundations and principles that complement the results of previous researches.

This research seeks to present the discovery of the pedagogical model of Surah Hadid,based on the teachings of the Holy Tafsir Al-Mizan. So, the grounded research methodhas been used and the result is the extraction of 110 concepts, 30 components, and 11pedagogical dimensions. In this regard, first by referring to Tafsir Al-Mizan, data werecollected to achieve the research model, and then the data were analyzed, including opencoding, axial coding and selective coding, and then their results were presented in twopedagogical models. In this article, Surah Hadid is discussed with a pedagogical approach;Because Islamic pedagogy is one of the most important and major parts of Islamicteachings and the philosophy of the prophets’ mission and is the basis of the pedagogicalduty of the divine guardians and trustees and educators of the Islamic society. Thepedagogical dimensions identified in Surah Al-Hadid in the Tafsir Al-Mizan include theduties and characteristics of a trainer and trained ones; One characteristic of a trainer inthe educational and pedagogical system is that the trainer should be wise and the mostimportant duty of the trained ones is his/her obedience. Every pedagogical process hascontent in a way that plays a fundamental role in the manifestation of human pedagogythrough the process of belief and worship, and the basis of human pedagogy is organizedfrom ontological and anthropological dimensions. Applying encouragement as a tool forgrowth and promotion as a method of pedagogy has a prominent role and the principle ofmonotheism (Tawhid)-centered and hereafter-oriented are among the important principlesof pedagogy. Among the effective factors in pedagogy, security has the most importantrole in human pedagogy. One of the most important internal obstacles that prevent humangrowth and achievement of perfection is arrogance and then a haughty spirit. The goal isthe point that every pedagogical process seeks to reach. The goals include the ultimategoal of pedagogy; It means reaching the worship of God and believing in His Oneness(Tawhid). Ultimately, achieving a peaceful life is the most important result of a commonworldly and otherworldly pedagogy. These identified pedagogical dimensions haveformed the final model of the research.

The Holy Quran is the initial developer of morality and the reason for its science in the Islamic world. Ethics as fundamental teaching has always been recommended in Quranic verses and also has been stated as the purpose of the prophethood of the Prophet (P) who considers himself a teacher of ethics. Therefore, due to the Quran’s special attention towards ethics, this research uses an analytical-descriptive method, asserting the direct and indirect role of the Quran in the emergence of Islamic ethics, such as; the moral comprehensiveness of the Quran, recognizing the virtues from vices in the Quran, the systematic form of the moral structure in the Quran, the bestowing special value of the Quran to morality, etc. seeks to prove the author’s claim that that the emergence of ethics was simultaneous with the revelation of the Quran and on the base of principles and foundations, on the one hand, was a factor in directing the Islamic ethics based on divine principles and goals, and on the other hand, it reflects the role of the Holy Quran in the emergence, development and grounding of many scientific developments in the Islamic-humanities.

Nowadays, human life in information technology and communication is generating massive data, known as big data. In this situation, the technical and scientific challenges of big data and the ethical challenges associated with them threaten the peaceful and virtuous human life. In this paper, the categorization and presentation of the Holy Quran solutions in the face of ethical challenges in the field of metadata with a logical approach and using valid legal, moral sources, Quranic verses and authentic hadiths have been studied and analyzed. The results of this study show that the use of services in the field of big data should be planned based on principles that do not have destructive consequences on the development of science and human life interactions. This article examines the ethical challenges of the macro-data field, considering the human dignity based on the Quran as the basic axis and boundary between morality and immorality. The research method in this article is to study and analyze the ethical challenges of big data in society and to identify Quranic teachings in this field. This article takes a new look at revelatory teachings and categorizes these challenges and offers solutions in new ways. Findings and results of this study show that if the use of macrodata is based on the moral teachings of the Quran, which is human nature, it can pave the way for human life and manage the ethical needs of the metropolitan area in a reliable and manageable structure.

Most people today, by drowning in worldly life, have lost sight of themselves and quiet and carefree life. They often suffer from mental disorders such as worry, anxiety, sadness, fear, and absurdism. Therefore, paying attention to mental health is one of the most basic human needs. Also, there are no sources on mental health in secular texts. So, Criteria are needed to ensure mental health to prevent disorders and diseases. Now the main question is what are the criteria of mental health? The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and library-documentary study/desk research with interdisciplinary studies of Quran and health. The findings of this research indicate that from the beginning of creation, Almighty God has paid attention to all aspects of man. Islam also considers human existence to consist of two dimensions, spiritual and physical. Many divine verses have spoken about the proper upbringing of human beings and maintaining the health of the human soul and psyche. Examples are the effect of the Quran on the anxiety and pain of patients and the prevention and treatment of grief. The results of the research show that the criteria of mental health can be extracted in the Holy Quran and hadiths. For the components and indicators of mental health, there are criteria and skills that some people learn with factors. With these criteria, the profile of mental health can be measured and thus can achieve the planned and desired situations.

The present study seeks to determine the role of will and volition in the emergence and evolution of personality from the perspective of Islam and psychology. To achieve this goal, the views of Muslim thinkers and psychologists were studied and the descriptive-analytical method was used by collecting data concerning the various views and approaches. The findings of this study indicate that the “psycho-biological determination” presented in the school of psychoanalysis and the “environmental determination” presented in the school of behaviorism, as well as the “extremist view of the human “will” and the attribution of “free will” to human-being by the school of humanism, none of them are a correct explanation of human nature. Physical, biological, psychological and social factors never determine human voluntary actions, but only provide the grounds for choice. Human personality will be transcendent if human “will” is along with the transcendent will, that is, the will of God Almighty, and he acts according to the divine law and uses God-given talents such as intellect to distinguish good from evil and should not be overwhelmed by other influential factors in the personality those are no the sufficient reasons but providing and insufficient ones.

Human societies, from the beginning until now, have never been governed by a single legal system.  Rather, there are numerous legal systems with commonalities and differences in human societies, and one of these ruling systems is the legal system of the Holy Quran.  In this article, an attempt has been made to answer the question: what are the advantages of the legal system of the Quran in comparison with rival systems?  To achieve the desired issue and better understand the legal system of the Quran, first, the most important contemporary legal systems and the characteristics of each are discussed, then the features and advantages of the legal system of the Holy Quran in comparison with competing systems are explained.  The results of the research show that the legal system of the Holy Quran has the following characteristics and advantages in comparison with human rights systems: being divine and revelatory, comprehensive, complete and multidimensional, harmony with nature and healthy nature, avoidance of personal errors and deviations,  Attention to various aspects of human beings, the systematic nature of the Quranic legal school, the executive guarantee of faith, simplification, stability and permanence, and immortality are among the characteristics and advantages of the Quranic legal system. At the same time, the other legal systems, due to the limitation of their knowledge, scientific, moral and psychological incompetence, and tendency to self-interest, lack the above characteristics.

Good faith is the principle that not only assists in the implementation of the subject of the treaty and the achievement of the desired goal but also the interpretation of the treaty is done in the light of good faith. In this research, good faith in Quranic verses has been studied by examining interpretive sources. Differences in concept, its different function in conventional laws, the existence of non-exclusive instances of this principle, etc., necessitate the significance of dealing with this issue in contracts. The verses denote subjective fairness and honest behavior with execution commitment with a lack of malice. This denotes not only in the implementation but also in the pre-agreement stage, and this point indicates the comprehensive dimensions of the Quran in this regard; Because on the one hand, the Quran requires and emphasizes the fulfillment of the obligation and considers the parties of the contract to be responsible for the obligation, and on the other hand, it allows the termination of the agreement in case of treacherous behavior towards the agreement or malice in implement.

Commitments and agreements have long been used in various societies, and cultural, political, social principles and standards and relationships between governments and political systems have also affected the situation of commitments and agreements. Considering the social approach of Islam to categories such as commitments and agreements, the purpose of this study is to examine the principles and criteria expressed from the perspective of Islamic international law in the field of commitments and agreements emphasizing Shiite jurisprudents’ viewpoint. Therefore, a kind of approach of Quranic research and study of jurisprudential texts and sources in the field of economic and social issues can be seen in this article as for this reason, the descriptive – analytical method has been used. The question is: What are the principles and criteria of the Quran from the perspective of Islamic international law in the field of commitments and agreements? The findings of the present study indicate that Islamic international law derived from the verses of the Quran, by raising the issue of loyalty and obliging the parties to comply with the terms of the commitments and agreements, denial of hardship and seizure (u’sr wa haraj) and negation of domination (sabeel), no foreign domination on Islamic society in terms of commitments and agreements, fulfillment of covenants and fulfillment of obligations, expresses a special approach in the field of commitments and agreements.

The contingency theory challenging the classical and neo-classical approaches, emphasizes that in each context, managers’ decisions must be evaluated based on a correct understanding of the “situation”; Because this issue has a decisive role in the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational goals. The present research seeks to criticize and review the axiology of this school of thought, which has a fundamental role in the attitudes and shaping of theoretical norms and model of behavioral intention and pattern and tools for measuring the actions, speech, and behavior of others, and its decision-making and operationalization rooted in it to be analyzed by referring to the revelatory word and using the combined method based on exploratory, meta-synthetic and interrogative/ cross-examination [istintaqi] methods. The research findings indicate that the values presented in contingency management in the field of instrumental and ultimate values such as importance to the environment, adoption of multiple styles, group participation, coordination, adaptation, prudence, cohesion and correlation and organizational survival are considered merely material and conventional dimensions, while the Quran emphasizes that in the matter of axiology of beyond-material factors such as occult factors, transcendence, divine nearness and pleasure, prudence and utilitarianism corresponding to worldly and otherworldly interests and cooperation should be considered also. The final result of this research is that the Quran pays attention to the requirements of time, place and environment and the secondary rules have a special place in the geometry of Quranic cognition; But principles, fixed rules, and fundamental values never change under any circumstances, but the subjects can change.

The question of the origin of life on earth has been one of the most fundamental questions of ontology throughout human history, and has been generally debated between experimental scientists and religious scholars. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the viewpoints of the Quranic exegetes and experimental scientists on the emergence of life on earth. In this regard, after examining the literal and technical meanings of some relevant terms such as life, experimental science and scientific exegesis, the viewpoints of the Muslim exegetes on the origin of life on earth were analyzed. Thereafter, some of the most famous theories and hypotheses of experimental scientists on this subject were discussed and analyzed. The research methodology used in this article is the descriptive-analytical method; whereby the collected data were presented and analyzed based on logical and textual evidences. The library research method was used for data collection. The findings indicate that the Quran did not explicitly discuss the origin of life on earth, but provided detailed reports about the creation and the origin of human beings. Also, many of the theories/hypotheses proposed by the ancient and contemporary experimental scientists on the origin and origin of life on earth are inconsistent with the Quranic accounts.